What is meant by 'shaping' in behavior management?

Shaping is a process in behavior management that involves reinforcing successive approximations towards a desired target behavior. This technique is effective in modifying behavior by breaking down the complex behavior into smaller, more manageable steps. Each step, or approximation, is progressively closer to the ultimate goal, and when the learner successfully exhibits an approximation, they receive reinforcement. Over time, as the learner becomes competent in these smaller behaviors, they move closer to exhibiting the overall desired behavior.

This approach is particularly useful in special education, as it allows educators to celebrate small successes and provide encouragement, which can motivate students to continue working towards the ultimate goal. Shaping takes into account individual differences in learning rates and styles, making it a very adaptable strategy for various learners.