What is a primary focus of shaping in education?

The primary focus of shaping in education is the gradual improvement of behavior through reinforcement. This technique involves reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior, allowing learners to develop complex skills over time. Rather than expecting a student to demonstrate a desired behavior immediately, shaping recognizes that behaviors can be built up step by step.

In practice, this means rewarding small steps that lead towards a final goal, encouraging students as they demonstrate these incremental improvements. For example, if a student is learning to write complete sentences, a teacher might first reinforce attempts that include a subject and verb, and then gradually expect more complex structures. This method is particularly effective in special education, where students might require additional support in developing specific skills.

The other options address different aspects of behavior management but do not capture the essence of shaping. Immediate correction of incorrect responses focuses on reactive teaching strategies. Eliminating undesired behaviors entirely may not be realistic or constructive, especially if the focus should instead be on teaching and reinforcing positive behaviors. Strict adherence to behavioral norms may overlook the individual needs and developmental levels of students, which shaping takes into account by allowing for flexibility and gradual progress.