Metacognitive instruction can best be described as:

Metacognitive instruction centers around the concept of self-awareness in learning, specifically encouraging students to reflect on their own thinking processes. This involves teaching students to understand how they learn, monitor their comprehension, and evaluate their strategies for problem-solving or studying. By promoting this self-reflective practice, students become more adept at recognizing their strengths and weaknesses, which enhances their ability to regulate their own learning.

This approach is crucial in special education, where individual learning differences can be pronounced. When students are taught to think metacognitively, they are equipped with tools to manage their cognitive resources more effectively, engage in deeper learning, and apply strategies that work best for them. Hence, metacognitive instruction is fundamentally about nurturing an awareness and control over one’s own learning processes, making option B the most accurate description of this instructional approach.